Bunions (Hallux Valgus)

Bunions are malaigned big toe joints that can become swollen and tender, causing the first joint of the big toe to slant outward, and the second joint to angle toward the other toes. Bunions tend to be hereditary, but can be aggravated by poorly-fitting shoes that are too narrow in the forefoot and toe. Surgery by a podiatric physician is frequently recommended to correct the problem.

Bunions

More than half the women in America have bunions, a common deformity. Most bunions are the result of a muscle imbalance within your foot, causing the foot to flatten too much and the base of your big toe (Metatarsophalangeal Joint) to enlarge and protrude over time. The skin over it may be red and tender. Wearing any type of shoe may be painful. This joint flexes with every step you take, hence the pain. The bigger your bunion gets, the more it hurts to walk. As this deformity progresses, your big toe may lean toward your second toe, or even move all the way under it. The skin on the bottom of your foot may become thicker and painful.

Pressure from your big toe may force your second toe out of alignment, sometimes overlapping your third toe. As bunions become more severe it is often difficult to walk without pain. If this goes on for a long time you can develop arthritis at this joint.

Many bunions can be treated without surgery by wearing protective pads to cushion the painful area, and of course, avoiding ill-fitting shoes in the first place.

Bunion surgery (a bunionectomy) realigns the bone, ligaments, and tendons so your big toe can be brought back to its correct position. Almost all bunion surgeries are performed on a same-day basis (no hospital stay) using sedation and a local ankle-block for anesthesia. Recovery is commonly 4-6 weeks long and persistent swelling and stiffness can last longer.

Bunion Prevention

Because bunions develop over time, taking care of your feet during childhood and early adulthood is the key to prevention. Keep track of the shape of your feet as they develop over time, especially if foot problems run in your family.

Exercising with your feet can strengthen them. Learn to pick up small objects with your toes. Wear shoes that fit properly and that do not cramp or pinch your toes. Women should avoid shoes with high heels or pointed toes.